A stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), occurs when the blood supply to part(s) of the brain is interrupted or harshly reduced, which deprives the brain of oxygen and nutrients. As a result, brain cells begin to die which can lead to permanent neurological damage or death without prompt treatment.
A stroke can be caused by a blockage in an artery of the brain (ischemic stroke) or the bursting or leaking of a blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). In some cases, a patient may experience a temporary interruption of blood flow (transient ischemic attack, also known as TIA).
Ischemic Stroke – Eighty-five percent of strokes are ischemic. An ischemic stroke happens when arteries that supply blood to the brain become blocked or narrowed, resulting in reduced blood flow (ischemia).
Two of the most common types of strokes are a thrombotic stroke and embolic stroke. With a thrombotic stroke, a clot which blocks the blood flow forms directly in one of the arteries of the brain. An embolic stroke occurs when a clot forms elsewhere in the body (normally the heart), then breaks off and travels through your bloodstream, lodging in the narrower arteries of the brain.
Hemorrhagic Stroke – When an artery or vein of the brain ruptures or leaks, it is known as a hemorrhagic stroke. The most common types of hemorrhagic stroke are a subarachnoid hemorrhage and an intracerebral hemorrhage. To cause a subarachnoid hemorrhage, an artery that is located on or near the surface of the brain bursts, filling the space between the skull and the brain with blood. The most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage is head trauma, although it may also be caused by the rupture of a brain aneurysm – a protruding pouch that forms due to a weakness in the arterial wall. An intracerebral hemorrhage occurs when a blood vessel within the brain bursts and spills into the surrounding tissue – often caused by untreated high blood pressure.
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) – This type of stroke is similar to an ischemic stroke, but generally does not cause permanent symptoms. It should be noted, however, that the occurrence of a TIA puts you at an even greater risk of having a stroke. It may be an indication that there is a narrow or partially blocked passageway in an artery leading to the brain or another condition that raises your risk for a future stroke.
It is important to recognize the symptoms of a stroke. Fast, effective treatment is key in minimizing permanent damage to the brain and dictates what treatment should follow. F.A.ST. is a quick and easy way to remember and recognize the signs of a stoke:
While some risk factors are entirely out of your control, others can be reduced through behavior modification. Some of the factors which increase stroke risk and can be minimized include:
In order to diagnose whether you suffered from a stroke or are at risk for a stroke, your doctor may conduct several tests, including:
In the event that you have had a stroke or TIA you may qualify for certain treatments, including:
At IGEA Brain, Spine & Orthopedics, our team of caring professionals is dedicated to providing you with the comprehensive care you deserve when dealing with a stroke and its effects. For more information or to make an appointment, contact us today.