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    The Role of Functional MRI (fMRI) in Brain Surgery Planning

    Brain surgery requires an extraordinary level of precision. Surgeons must remove or treat...

    Spinal Stenosis vs. Degenerative Disc Disease: How Doctors Tell the Difference

    Back or neck pain is incredibly common — but the cause isn’t always obvious. Two of the most...

    How Surgeons Minimize Infection Risk in Spine and Brain Surgery

    Safety is a top priority at IGEA Brain, Spine, Pain & Orthopedics. In spine and brain surgery...

    Peripheral Neuropathy: Early Signs, Risk Factors, and When to Get Tested

    Peripheral neuropathy affects millions of people and occurs when the nerves outside the brain...

    The Role of Robotics in Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery

    Minimally invasive neurosurgery has advanced dramatically in recent years, and...

    How Surgeons Decide Between Posterior, Anterior, and Lateral Approaches in Spine Surgery

    Spine surgery is highly individualized. At IGEA Brain, Spine, Pain & Orthopedics, our surgeons...

    How Concussion Protocols Have Evolved: What Patients Need to Know

    Concussions are a common type of mild traumatic brain injury that can occur from falls, sports...

    What Determines a Good Candidate for Minimally Invasive Microforaminotomy?

    At IGEA Brain, Spine, Pain & Orthopedics, we specialize in minimally invasive spine surgery...

    Spinal Hardware Explained: Rods, Screws, Cages & Plates — What They Do

    Spinal surgery often involves more than addressing nerves or discs—it may also require...

    Cranioplasty Explained: When & Why Skull Reconstruction Is Needed

    At IGEA Brain, Spine, Pain & Orthopedics, cranioplasty is an advanced neurosurgical procedure...

    How Image-Guided Spine Injections Work: A Look Inside the Procedure

    Image-guided spinal injections are a key tool for diagnosing and treating back and neck...

    When Is Spinal Fusion Truly Necessary? Modern Criteria & Alternatives

    Spinal fusion has helped many patients find lasting relief, but it’s not always the first—and...